Tuesday, October 13, 2015

Glossaire

- being a short compendium of the inanities known to emanate from the famous aesethician, JA


Affectation – the science of the affects.

Animal – charming, often affecting creatures that don’t have proper souls. See also: vegetable, mineral.

America – we wouldn’t be where we are today if the Spanish had settled it instead of the British, now would we?

Anagnorisis – heart-quickening moment in a play. “Do you recognise me?” “How could I fail to?”

Angel – almost invariably female. Adorable.

Anglicanism – bastion of taste and learning.

Arabesque – what the terrorists need to go back to being.

Architecture – its three finest achievements are churches, homes and ruins.

Argument – screw up your face, over-pronounce your words. Even if you don’t know why you think it, they’ll think you mean it.

Armpit hair, women’s – formerly one of the delights of the south of Italy.

Arrogant – scholars, critics and the like are often "blisteringly" so.

Art – an enchanted world, has a soaring aspect, etc.

“as it were” – a sturdy phrase for an occasion when one’s bladder is full. (See also: Lecture). Pronounced “as’t’were”, the initial consonant of “were”, clearly, aspirant.

Australian – blasé when sober, aggressive when drunk.

Authority – try to hold it over others by being loveable, not terrifying.

Authority, appeal to – what’s so wrong about it? Can’t one see the important thing is to appeal to it sensibly?

Bed – “creaks sweetly under the weight of a man and a woman mutually delighting in intimate sensitivity.”

Bible - full of sinning and smiting, though terrifyingly humane as well.

Body – how on earth does it work? If your heart beats a little faster when you contemplate this, you know yours is in good working order.

Bovary, Madame! – a charming way to greet a married woman in parts of provincial France.

Bluff – an adjective meaning good-naturedly frank and hearty. (“Goethe’s manner with the young prince could be bluff if the occasion required.”) As a noun it means a steep promontory. (“In his early views of the Cornish coast Turner is merely bluffing.”)

Buddhism – made up of a big wheel and a little wheel, the latter of which obviously fits inside the former.

Calisthenics – children of the lower orders do it instead of ballet.

Carafe – rhymes with “giraffe”. For holding wine, unless you’re a genius, in which case you can leave one half full of your own urine lying round to catch the sunlight at an interesting angle . . .

Catholic, Catholicism – being a reluctant one gives it a lovely twist.

Cellos – sonorous, woody. What are those little tattoos they have on their pelvises?

Chance – or hazard. The unknown element in affairs both great and small. E,g. appalling weather.

Chinese – skin of the young ladies as delicate as porcelain. Great number of them at university. Vast majority seem pleasant, unexceptionable.

Christian – one isn’t necessarily a Christian, though one aspires in every respect to be a gentleman.

Common herd – (Lat. mobile vulgus) – the trouble with them is that they applaud the crudest arguments in favour of whatever they already believe.

Concern – two types, commercial (“His father owns a shipping concern”) and philosophic (“Being good for Plato is always a going concern”).

Courtliness – the art of being and not merely seeming indispensable.

Criticism – all the more dangerous in that it is often latent.

Dante – Italian. Belongs to a triumvir of genius that also includes Shakespeare and Goethe. Also: an inferior brand of olive oil. (Note to oneself: make a more concerted effort to learn the language once the children are grown.)

Dawn – a woman with this name generally looks well in a russet mantle.

de Botton, Alain – “swan of Zurich”. Titanic man of measure. Empyrean worker within his own limitations. One feels his candour and grace have revealed something wonderful in oneself, etc.

De gustibus non disputandum – Latin adage relating to taste meaning that one can’t dispute about it. Being practical fellows, the Romans would surely have been the first to admit that its indisputability should never stop one earning a living by it.

Desires – we have so many of them. One of the jobs of the aesthetician is to help people untangle the difficulties here.

Details – when seen in the right light they can be extraordinarily revealing.

Dictators – it’s an amazing thought, but perhaps they’re just trying to be happy too.

Distinction – always rhetorical. Throw together a pair of “virtues”, “capacities” or “qualities” and imply that there is a significant point of contrast to be observed. Employed skillfully a distinction creates a “concentrated point of grandeur.”

Dreams – everything in them appears laden with significance, yet we can’t quite grasp what the overall meaning is.

Dutch, the – have ski-jump noses. Rembrandt got on top of the situation by using lots of light and shade.

Elucidation – only illustrate, never elucidate – or else one’s material will seem plodding and coarse.

Elites – all elitist, though why that’s an objection requires a lot of careful discussion.

Exceptions – often prove the rule.

Existential – impossible to say what anything fitting this description actually is, though safe to assume one won’t be able to buy it at the shops.

Feminists – some of one’s most memorable ex-girlfriends are feminists.

Feudalism – see the good in it. Heavenly source of social cohesion.

Feuds – children’s entire sensibilities fall out their ears if parents have too many.

Foibles – are often just the language of the passions speaking in a dialect we are unaccustomed to.

Folly – or carelessness. Makes things worse than they need be.

Fortune – when told about someone with a large one, say “Large indeed, but does he have the qualities of heart to go with it?”

Friendship – “deep” and “enduring”, for preference. Sometimes our friends are, in spite of all, unable to grasp certain things that are deeply important to us: one of the crueler ironies of existence.

Geist – German word which denotes both what the sight of a woman and the thought of God inspires in a German person. (obsolete idea)

German – In German “to smoke” and “to rustle” are expressed by the same verb. Marvellous! (See also: Smoking)

Georgic – a mood that overtakes one at the sight of farming and farms.

Goethe – foremost German. A gentleman. A little like Christ and just a tiny little bit like – oneself, one hopes!

Good looks – no excuse for moral weakness, though they are the occasion of much aesthetic delight.

Government – its role is clearly not to interfere in the lives of the destitute if they are happy.

Gout – if you've got it, your great-grandfather clearly liked boozing and eating lamb’s hearts.

Gracious – use this word primarily of table-legs. "Gracious proportions." "Gracious vista." One of the more technical terms of the aesthetician’s trade.


Great man – is by turns rich, funny, handsome, generous, famous, passionate, keen on his food; quietly domestic and outrageously dirty.

HHK - happy healthy kitten – one’s wife Helen (Latin: Helena)

Heart – human beings don’t have hearts, they feel with them. This astonishing argument was thought up by a man named Wittgenstein. (See: body)

Hell – obviously just a metaphor for something else.

Hello – high-pitched bleating noise that serves tolerably well to indicate to the fellow whose path one crosses what one’s disposition towards him is.

History – basis of historical novels. Don’t worry about the details - who went to war with whom is obvious (painfully so!), who slept with whom usually comes out in the wash.

History, End of – rail against those who say we’ve reached this. Say we’re in a quiet patch. Which will help us take stock.

Hitler – must have been a little bit of good in him, perhaps, if he liked Beethoven and Wagner.

Home – it really is important to have a decent one. Our homes are situated amidst greenery, known technically as Nature.

Human condition – Referring to oneself and one’s readers as “we” will encourage one's readers to believe in it. Contains within it the seed of a sense of beauty.

Idea – only as good as the results it brings in.

Ideal (C.f. shrub) - something you can lop the extremities off and make all the sturdier and more shapely.

Idealism – longing for things to work out really well. In eternal conflict with realism. (See: realism)

Illustration – story based on fact about a fellow one shared a bottle of good wine with, a disarmingly naïve question asked one by a child, etc.

Inferno – toasty place where wicked people don’t get any better. (C.f. purgatory) Australia in summer.

Ingres – masterly romantic realist of the French Nineteenth Century whose frankly sensuous nudes adorn the covers of all my books, obviously. (See: dustjacket)

Justice – an interesting virtue. Reading Shakespeare while drinking red wine will fill you with something very like it.


Kierkegaard – odd gloomy Danish fellow. Got himself into a tangle getting married. Claimed that aesthetics and morality are mutually exclusive. Yet doesn’t good taste conduce to a healthy marriage and thus to a happy life?

Kind people – always recognisable by the fact that they are morally appealing.

Kunderian, Kunderaesque – mystical openness to life that expresses itself in serial adultery.

Laurels – one can’t rest on them if one doesn’t have any, can one?

Lecture – informal presentation. Muddle through. Sometimes accompanied by pictures projected onto a screen.

Leger – French for “light”. What one’s philosophy aspires to be, as well as agreeable and sensible.

Logic – quote Flaubert’s line about the artist needing to know that 2 + 2 = 4 if he is to show that 2 + 2 = 5.

Love – one of the great mysteries. We must complexly recognise its power to move us. (What economists refer to as “growth”.)

Mad – say it’s not so much people as their ideas that are mad, or “as mad as can be”.

Madonna, The – must have been a fine person to have given birth to such a loving son. Would’ve been nice to meet her.

Martini – shaken not stirred. (Unlike works of art – be sure one is stirred not shaken here!)

Meadow – Covered in flowers in spring. Like a carpet that waves to one. (Charming conceit of Willy, our eldest, pronounced on the eve of his 5th birthday.)

Melancholy – professional risk of being an artist, philosopher or religious believer.

Men of genius – often say things which make them sound like unhappy dunces trying to re-invent the wheel. The reality is usually more complicated.

Mind-bodice problem – The problem of what to do when images of women’s corsetry are constantly passing before one’s mind’s eye. Not to be confused with the mind-body problem, which is a more abstract difficulty.

Mistake – always admit one’s mistakes, it's a sign of character. If necessary admit them whilst at the lectern.

Mistress – “unquenchable friend” etc.

Modernity – pretext for using public spaces as latrines. All students who use the word “modernity” more than twice in an essay should be marked zero (0), F (fail).

Monks – defrocked paedophiles condemned to brew delicious alcoholic beverages.

Moustache – before 1900 a man could have more than one – enchanting!

Nightmare – horrifying series of imaginary events in which someone familiar approaches one and says “You smell of earth”.

Odalisque – the best of them gaze at one passively, yet challengingly. Sends shivers down one’s spine. See also: recumbent.

Paradoxes – can function as intellectual laxatives and should never be too paradoxical. Everything can be formulated as a paradox if seen in the right light. C.f. detail.

Parents – we must acquire the knack of breaking with them physically without renouncing the succour and inspiration they have given us.

Pessimism – we are born in obscenity and destined for death, etc.

Peeing in one’s pants – makes virtually no noise and gives one a warm feeling. Like contemplating a good painting.

Philia, joys of – enchanting something that passes between friends. What Odysseus felt for Penelope, what Scylla felt for Charibdis. (See: friendship)

Philosopher – someone who, ideally, keeps his nose so close to the ground that he occasionally falls down holes, at the bottom of which he finds huge pots of money.

Philosophy – a style of life, not a system of thought.

Picasso – unpleasant, lusty chap. Over-admired. Some say he changed art for good.

“Pits, it’s the” – say it if something’s awful or if you own a mining concern.

Pity – is the queen of the emotions. Though ensure she is a monarch of the constitutional variety.

Plants – see also: animals, rocks. Civilised, civilising beings. One has so many thoughts in their vicinity one begins to sense they have thoughts of their own. Can it be?

Platonist – descends into caves and is told, to his chagrin, that he’s an idiot.

Pleasure – certain things we are attracted to get in the way of us doing other more important and ultimately more rewarding things: one of the crueller ironies of existence.

Plot – Plot, character, imagery - the three most important elements of a novel, pace the eternal onanism of the structuralists. (See: structuralists) The faults of all novels are identifiable as faults of either plot, character or imagery. E.g. Daniel Daronda.

Politics – doesn’t exist. Proof of which is that it has no business in philosophy. Say it’s about people, not systems.

Post-coitum – the animal may be sad, but the aesthetician lies awake thinking about many things.

Post-structuralists – structure their obscure “discourse” around the pronouncements of so-called structuralists. It’s oddly inconsistent.

Priest – holy being whose profession is to think in terms of hierarchies. Mind as sharp as a knife. And a good knife, as we all know, can cut through almost everything, as well as spreading butter.

Principles - sacred, even if one has never precisely made a list of one’s own.

Problems of philosophy – generated by taking very simple ideas and pointing out that they can be taken in opposite senses.

Problems of policing – generated when you tell a bad person to go away and he says “No-o.”

Profound – the most dependable way to say something profound is to say something stupid then correct oneself.

Prostitute – (Greek: hetera, pl. heterae) A young man of sensibility should visit the same one many times. The conversation afterwards can be a significant part of the experience. All prostitutes in literature are called Aspasia. (See: sex)

Proust – Great themes are love and memory. Striking allusions to sodomy. The first writer to use the first person plural pronoun in the lyrico-didactic sense. “Unforgettable”

Proverbs – a light sprinkling of these does wonders. Always true in a sense.

Psychology – unless used sparingly can lead to the utmost ruination of one’s sense of the beautiful. (Note of tension with one’s wife on this issue – ended with the birth of our eldest.)

Realism – what one feels when a student comes to tell one she can’t write her essay because of a drug-habit.

Recumbent – Men too often go unaware of the pleasures of the recumbent state. Odalisques are always "recumbent”.

Religion – the spirit of true religion is not in conflict with anything, including, logically speaking, itself.

Rhyme – is only in agreement with reason in the choicest poets.

Romantic School – succeeded the Classical School. If one’s wife rolls her eyes at dinner parties it is because she is of the Romantic School.

Russians - best demonstration that human beings have a soul. And of how frightfully difficult they can be as a result.

Scholarship – no book about art which speaks from the heart should contain any references to the work of mere scholars.

Science – a little science takes one away from art, a lot brings one back to it.

Scumble – to create a softening effect by blurring everything. Scumble your way through expositions of aesthetic theory.

Sea, the – has been shown empirically to be merely another element, yet it can awaken our deepest yearnings.

Sex - known technically as "congress". A smoking gun to certain Christians.

Simplicity – widely available in rural areas.

Sincerity – is, agonisingly, not the substance of life. The third cruellest irony of existence.

Smiling – that must mean one’s soul is doing something rather special. 

Smoking – in parts of Europe “smoking” is the name of a dinner jacket. How confusing that must be when one is enjoying a cigarette after dinner.

Socialists – despise commerce. Almost all poor.

Structuralism – rail against it. The pet term of certain fellows who would like to reduce beauty to something they call "structure" and who, one feels, have very little to say.

Students – have awfully half-baked ideas. The unfettered curiosity of male students is often a sign of inner ugliness.

Stripling – misguided youth. (See: students, male)

Subject and object, problem of – what it inevitably comes down to is that one has to have some perspective on what is not oneself.

Suffering – the sight of others doing it makes us appreciate the very major goods we have.

Summerhouse – place of delights in a garden.

Swagged – stolen property bound into an ornamental festoon.

Taste – fear of expressing it can envelop us like a fog.

Thanks – Always multiple (“many thanks”), though don't make them too effusive. How small an amount of them one gets sometimes when one tries to refine people’s sense of what they need.

Theorist – often not very cleanly shaven. Someone one has one’s fundamental disagreements with.

Theory – never admit to having one.

“There’s something going on here!” – rouse your audience from its aesthetic lethargy by saying this all the time as if you’re about to go out of your mind.

Tragedy – all tragedies are, from one point of view or another, moral. Otherwise they’re just accidents.

Twentieth Century - era in which humanity became "enmeshed in a series of ghastlinesses". Source of boundless controversy. Don't mention any of the details, you'll end up crying at the lectern.

University – where one has one’s office. Centre of learning and enterprise.

Universality – we should aspire to this. But in what sense? There’s the rub.

Ur-pflanze – “Er, pflanze”. Goethe’s charming term for the poetic original of every plant.

Ur-question – “Er, question”. The poetic original of every question – i.e. a question asked hesitantly, haltingly.

Vitality – “secure”, “peaceful” and, most certainly, “inner”. Best enjoyed sitting down.

Veil of Maya – female students swoon when you mention it because they think you're talking about getting married to them.

“We” – literally “you who have paid”. Oneself and one’s readership. Marks an imaginary community of sentiment and aspiration.

Whitegoods – life is a bit like these - first work out how it works, then you’ll have a better idea of its deeper significance. “What’s this button for?” etc.

Willpower – you lack it if you’re still in bed at 11am with a pillow over your head.

Wisdom – in a world gone mad, consists in sitting on the fence. From which one often has an enchanting view.

Women – the difficulty with men is that they have no idea how moving women can be. The Eternal Feminine draws us on. (Goethe) Precisely.

Yearning – a strong desire. Can get the better of one, if it goes unsated. Those in a condition of yearning can be troublesome, yet are they not also a little to be envied?

Yvette – rather grand name for a wife. Alain’s wife. Rhymes with "crevette".

*

By way of explanation. . .

"Perhaps we are inescapably marked – when it comes to ideas – by early life. . . My deepest fear is of loutish bullying and, close second, of appealing for help and being told the problem lies in me. Uncritical emphasis upon ideas like difference and equality is terrifying.” (JA, In Search of Civilisation)

"Egmont enters wrapped in his long riding cloak; he hesitates and then he throws wide his arms revealing the most splendid costume adorned with the insignia of the most august chivalric order: the Golden Fleece. Egmont's spiritual beauty is made manifest. But this is not a scene of pomp and majesty - it takes place in the quietest, most serene domestic interlude. For Egmont's splendour, like that of the Christ, is not terrifying or humiliating - it is adorable, and Clärchen embraces him." (JA, Life, Love, Goethe)

"Cheese - Quote the aphorism 'a dessert without cheese is a beautiful woman with only one eye.'" (Flaubert, Dictionary of Received Ideas)"

"Crucifix - Most becoming in a bedchamber or on the scaffold." (Flaubert, Dictionary of Received Ideas)

"Constipation - All men-of-letters are constipated. Influences political convictions." (Flaubert, Dictionary of Received Ideas)

***

Flaubert's original title for his Dictionary of Received Ideas was the Dictionary of Accepted Phrases Universally Admired though Profoundly Stupid, however the target of the project, from beginning to end, was the special combination of mindlessness and self-satisfaction that he saw in the provincial middle classes of his day. As the first English edition of the Dictionary put it, "it is especially when the bourgeois dabbles in discussion of science, of literature, or of art that his stupidity becomes really impudent, aggressive, 'enormous'." So it is that, according to Flaubert, good provincial brains need to be furnished with a certain basic stock of ideas - platitudes that can be slipped amiably into all sorts of conversation, clichés that allow healthy social beings to flatter themselves that they taste and intelligence. And furnish them is exactly what the dictionary does: though many of the entries are clearly transcriptions of material Flaubert had overhead, most are probably fabrications. The end result is not so much a catalogue of actual conversational tropes but a fictional effort to reproduce the thinking patterns of the provincial bourgeois mind - to push it towards the outright absurdity that Flaubert clearly thinks is its true element.

Flaubert's dictionary is the starting point for the present semi-fictional glossary of platitudes to issue from the mind of John Armstrong. For those who don't know him: the bon bourgeois of my glossary is a British popular philosopher who has been resident in Australia for 20 years. His publishers describe him a little awkwardly as an "acclaimed author and influential public speaker in the realm of art and philosophy." In his own "realm" though, he is a modern-day incarnation of Goethe's Egmont, adorable, almost Christ-like, always on the verge of throwing open his riding cloak and showing himself to us in his full glory. Or is he Goethe himself - "by turns rich, funny, handsome, generous, famous, passionate, keen on his food; quietly domestic and outrageously dirty"? Armstrong's self-described "intimate philosophy" has never shied away from the personal, and one of the many things it has been frank in divulging over the years is the resemblance it sometimes sees between JA himself and the German Shakespeare. . .

Let me say right away that the experiences which led me to write the Glossaire were marked by frustration - time spent reading Armstrong's books that left me with the feeling that he was dabbling in the same subjects as Flaubert's bons bourgeois, but had somehow succeeded in passing off his dabbling as saleable wisdom. I first came across him when I was sitting in on undergraduate philosophy lectures at the University of Melbourne in 2006 and I don't think my reactions were all that different from those of the more skeptical students who'd actually enrolled in his classes. Many of us in Armstrong's aesthetics seminar were studying philosophy for the first time. In a way, we were his ideal audience. Yet the impression we had was that his basic business was reducing philosophy to a series of false dichotomies and set phrases; that our interest in art wasn't being given any more depth or direction by mannered descriptions of paintings (or people or dinner parties) as "charming", "gracious", "adorable" or "winning"; that discovering the history of philosophy should involve much more than re-discovering in the great philosophers of the past what the hackneyed language of mainstream culture often leads first-time readers to discover in them anyway - sketchy distinctions between art and science, the material and the spiritual, our "dearest longings" and our "base desires". (Armstrong's standard thought-gesture was to sketch the distinctions with the help of a few anecdotes, then go on to predictably assert that for real thinkers they really needn't be distinctions at all.)

It seemed obvious to us that anyone with solid knowledge of the philosophical classics would've been able to track down passages in Plato, Kant or Goethe where the greats were thinking against exactly the sort of received ideas that Armstrong was presenting on their behalf. As necessary as simplification might be for complete beginners, at some point it passes over into out-and-out travesty and Armstrong, we felt, often stepped over the line. If he knew there were philosophical complications - interesting complications - to one side of the conventional oppositions and his equally conventional sublation of them, he certainly didn't let on about it. Yet that was only part of the problem. The other part was that he gave the impression that wanting to delve further was bound to detract from the vital aesthetic properties of philosophy and of his own philosophical personality. To that extent, he seemed to hold his subject, and his students' sense of seriousness, in contempt.

This is not to say that Armstrong's lectures or public appearances weren't entertaining. Entertaining was what they often were because of the strange baggage of affectation he brought to every topic he went anywhere near. Armstrong, you could say, drove a certain pose of Nineteenth Century gentility to a pinnacle of perfection; the way he would screw up his face, audibly exaggerate his English accent, then start humming and hawing in a tone of profound confusion, all worked well as satire, if not as actual philosophy. Going to his lectures was like watching a drawn-out Monty Python sketch - one of the many that caricature the worst of the dons that Cleese and Co. - and Armstrong too - had obviously been taught by. As none of us had a time-machine to take us back to 1964 or 1864, we were happy to be given a second-hand experience of those amusing eccentrics who had combined a modicum of original thought with a maximum of ancient mannerism - plus a lot of red wine and sherry - to produce the spectacle of Oxbridge Philosophy for three or four decades after WW2.

In Armstrong's case there were a few extra undertones which actually made the show even more curious. They belong in part to an era that post-dates the Oxbridge dream-world of the 50's and 60's. One was his almost mawkish lack of self-belief - a tearful readiness to back down when challenged that in the end gave the impression he didn't hold any recognisable philosophical position at all. Another was his ability to lightly sexualise just about any topic.

Listening to Armstrong's lectures was literally like listening to a Victorian family man who had escaped the frosty compound of history and landed - to our dismay and his own gratification - in the tropical Twenty First Century; the Victorians, they say, used to cover the legs of their dining tables with lace curtains for fear that they (or their wives) would get funny ideas; Armstrong himself, though glorying in Victorian attitudinal niceties, was so openly aroused by tables, chairs and settees that he often seemed in danger of losing self-control. His books, particularly the latest ones on Goethe and civilization, often stray too far into sticky territory: one of the personal tales he tells in In Search of Civilization is about a distressing visit to a Parisian brothel and the tears he shed at his own "sordidness" when he emerged an hour later and found himself, after many wanderings, at the door of a church where a choir was rehearsing a heavenly chorus. (Needless to say, he instantly identified the music as Fauré's Requiem.)

Every work of philosophy might in a sense be disguised autobiography, but Armstrong's work can seem, at times like this, to be pretty light on actual disguise. In fiction or memoir he would probably have had a better outlet for the sort of sub-Proustian sensibility at work in intellectual sex scenes. In using his own mawkish tale of lost virginity to illustrate what he thinks is a serious philosophical point about the human capacity for "beastliness", he instead comes across as someone whose self-obsessions knock him well off the philosophical path.

It was at some point in the late 90's or early 00's that Armstrong seems to have made the discovery that really gave an extra dimension to his silliness. That discovery was Weimar Classicism, a lightly retouched version of the cultural ideals of Goethe and Schiller. The great men on the plinths of Central Europe gave our man two ideas - firstly, that a little of the glory of aristocratic genius can be recaptured in the lives of mums and dads in the early Twenty First Century; second, that he, like Goethe, needed to find a corner of the world from which to actually govern in accordance with high aesthetic principle.

Armstrong's surprising step towards worldly activity took him from the lectern, where he'd muddled his way through many a lecture, into the upper echelons of Melbourne University administration, which at the time was rolling out a new commercial-cum-pedagogic plan that went by the name of The Melbourne Model. For a while, Armstrong ceased to amuse and abuse us in lectures and instead amused and confused us in his role as the University's inaugural "Knowledge Transfer Fellow" - "knowledge transfer" being the process of transferring academic capital to the wider community by means of loveable fellows (!) like JA who were henceforth to . . . to . . .do what? It was difficult to tell, but Armstrong took it as a cue to organise more wine and cheese nights at the National Gallery and combine amateurish reflections about French painting with a push to "embed the concept of Knowledge Transfer as one of the three core strands of the University's Growing Esteem Strategy within the University's wider operational systems and structures." Within a couple of years, his enthusiasm for this kind of academic policy-making had (understandably) waned and the effort to establish a world government of sensibility had taken him to an even stranger place - an office in the Melbourne Business School, from which, as of 2008, he operated as a sort of philosophical attaché and made a range of off-key pronouncements about the Global Financial Crisis.

With that, the Flaubertian repertoire of his philosophical career seemed to be more than complete. Having started out with some homespun wisdom about art being a good spiritual investment - having built the repertoire towards Oprah-style self-exposure - having harked back to Goethe's illustrious destiny as an administrator and a disciplined family man - he found himself again right in the middle of our very own High Age of Capital, letting us know that paying off mortgages is ennobled by a philosophic belief in the Good, the True and the Beautiful.

There he was at it again two Sundays ago on a Compass special report on money - a sort of magazine of interviews with a welfare lobbyist, a "prosperity activist", a social researcher, a theologian, an ex-businesswoman and. . . "the philosopher". Our man came across as having less to say than the dinkum get-rich-quick guy and far less human presence than the theologian. As in so many of the lectures of old, the attempt to bring his nebulous pretensions into line with the topic of the show seemed to be causing him actual physical pain.

Which brings us to the glossary of inanities known to have either issued or . . . not issued from the mouth of the illustrious aesthetician. How many of the entries are lifted verbatim from his lectures, interviews and books and how many did I make up? I can't remember anymore. After Life, Love, Goethe, I tried running away whenever he whirred into action at another cultural event; in the meantime I'd got sick of the spectacle of philosophy being presented to the public as the occasion for so much befuddled self-display - surely it was a safe bet that in the long-run the public would want nothing to do with it?

Faced with the undeniable fact of Armstrong's short-term success, Glossaire tried extending his repertoire a little in the direction of its true absurdity. Thankfully, Flaubert had done half the work for me already. The pompous-whimsical bourgeois conformist of the Dictionary who sees an opportunity to assert his superior social style in everything from discussions of cheese to discussions of religion captured the Armstrong mindset perfectly, with the exception of some of the philosophical farnakling.

Like Flaubert's, this dictionary of received ideas is intended as a tribute as much as a backhander - a homage to the ingenuity with which Armstrong makes use of his sometimes solid though often sketchy philosophical knowledge. The aim is to make use of the knowledge, and the attitudinising that goes with it, better than JA himself and thus relieve anyone looking for actual philosophy of the task of reading him; the only claim I'd make for Glossaire is that it contains all the essential thought-gestures, thought-feints and thought-mechanisms that are to be found in Armstrong's work itself.

That doesn't make Armstrong any less amiable or any less of a showman. Glossaire shouldn't - and won't - dissuade anyone from buying the books or attending the public lectures of our great aesthetician in the short run. No one looking for Armstrong's actual philosophical output will need to read anything other than these ten pages; but for fresh tales of the man's sordidness and splendour the works of JA himself will always be indispensible.



(Melbourne, March, 2010)

Tuesday, October 6, 2015

15 Things about Vietnam: Part 5

Traffic in Vietnam is a combination of the marvelous and the hairy.

Do a rough calculation. Ho Chi Minh City, on an average day, when everyone's in town for work, is a city of 10 million people. Hanoi, on an average working day, is home to 7 - 8 million. Half the people in both places own motorbikes, meaning that there are between 4 - 5 million of the things in each place. So the streets end up looking like this some of the time:


Or, when there's a heavy downpour during the wet season, like this:


In both places there are some sensational left-turn situations at big intersections which involve a total absence of left-turn arrows: 100 bikes head straight for a wall of oncoming traffic, the world looks like it’s headed for universal disaster and then . . . everything turns out for the best, the 100 left-turners twist their way through the oncoming traffic, there’s what is technically called a “fucking mess”, a few people honk their horns, but everyone comes out the other side, if not with a smile, then at least with all limbs (and hairstyles) intact.

As a pedestrian, you step out in front of the moving wall of bikes and they copiously part to let you across.

This is the beautiful bit, and no doubt it's more beautiful to Western tourists because it goes against all their instincts (above all their instinct to wait for traffic to stop before venturing into the road).

There's also something brutally egalitarian about traffic in modern Vietnam. Middle-class Vietnamese who feel the need to assert their status by driving SUVs are condemned to a truly miserable existence. Outside big cities, Vietnamese roads are sometimes bad enough to give car drivers neck injuries. Inside the city, cars are mobbed by bikers and unable to move at more than snails’ pace. At the lights, drivers are shamelessly gawped at by the circumambient Hondas.


My main advice for coping with the beautiful mess is: don't try to fence yourself off from it, throw yourself into it (carefully). If a big storm blows up, by all means take a taxi. But get used to the idea of it traveling mainly at walking pace. And shuddering from first to second gear and back again as it goes.

For further details, read on.

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When you first get to Vietnam, your natural tendency might be to explore on foot. In small towns and villages, this is always an option. (NB There's rarely a footpath.) In cities though, it's a pain, because the footpaths that exist are used to park motorbikes and to spread out whatever cheap Chinese consumer goods the locals are trying to sell.

Taking a walk means being tailed by hawkers, as well as being gawped at by all the locals who have never seen live blondeness or an authentic "high" Western nose. More worldly Vietnamese will look at you, as you stalk along in the gutter, with a look of bemusement that translates roughly as "There the foreigners go, making themselves ridiculous again."

In villages and small towns, where traffic is pretty light, you should try to work up the courage to hire a motorbike and drive yourself around.

In cities, the best way to get around for beginners is on the back of a "xe ôm", also known as a motorbike taxi or "Hondaman".

Hondamen are to be found at regular intervals along the main streets of pretty much any built-up area in Vietnam, though to start with they may take a bit of spotting. When you arrive in Vietnam, you start by asking – why do so many Vietnamese men enjoy sitting round in the blistering heat, dozing, reading the paper or just gazing in a vaguely wry way out into the haze of busy motorways?


The answer is: half of them are Hondamen sweating for a fare.

You can normally tell they are Hondamen because they have spare helmets draped over the sides of their bikes. If you can’t see any spare helmets but suspect that the sunburnt knock-about in front of you is a Hondaman, raise your hands and make the signal for revving a motorbike, or just say “Motorbike” in an inquisitive tone. This will usually awaken Uncle from his fishing fantasia.

Vietnamese Hondamen, in my experience, come in three varieties: embattled honest squires, minor extortionists and infernal wily tricksters. The first type will probably be driving a beaten-up bike from the late 80's, though that won't stop him being a noble traveling companion. The second type will try to charge you double the going Vietnamese rate for your trip on the grounds that he’s poor and you’re rich (in the minds of all Hondamen, all Westerners are invariably very, very rich). The third type will not enter into any sort of discussion of price before you set off – he will take you the longest route he can think of and then demand an outrageous multiple of the standard Vietnamese rate.

Even the honest squire will consider hard bargaining a totally normal part of his taxi-service. So my advice is – before you go anywhere near the Hondaman, find out what a roughly fair price is for the trip you want to take, bargain with the Hondaman unemotionally before you get on the bike and, if he won’t cop the reasonable price you propose, just walk away. Most honest squires and even minor extortionists will usually come trailing after you – because they know that there are plenty of Hondamen in this world and not all of them are hell-bent on charging foreigners triple the going rate. You know it now too.

Riding on the back of a xe ôm gets a little technical. A "xe ôm" in Vietnamese literally means a "cuddle vehicle". So, as a bloke, if your Western sense of space/male sexuality allows you to do so, put your arms around the waist of your driver and think nothing of it. If the idea of doing this makes you squirm, then – still do it. And if you still can’t, then put one hand on your driver’s shoulder.

As a woman, putting a hand on Uncle's shoulder should be just fine. If you're not comfortable doing so, then lean back slightly and hold on to the back-bar of the bike, directly behind the passenger seat. Uncle won't take it the wrong way if you don't want to touch him. And if he does you should report him to the police.

Handled in the right way, a Hondaman should be a fine option for getting from A to B, but if it's an overview of the city you want, then you need to find yourself a different kind of taxi service - the type that's run by Vietnamese English students. They will take you for a spin up and down the main boulevards for a fraction of the cost of Uncle's time, though be aware that there are conditions attached to this marvelous (sometimes FREE) service: the drivers will want to sit down and practice their English on you afterwards. (I'd say there are far worse ways of spending an afternoon than talking to a perky 22-year old English major trying to get his/her grappling hooks into the Big World Beyond Vietnam; buy your guide a couple of coffees and chances are you'll make a friend for life.)

Intra- and inter-city buses in Vietnam are valid transport options, though don't expect wifi or modern decor. Ho Chi Minh City's buses (which are the ones I've had most experience of) are cheap, over-crowded and they don't normally pause for excess milliseconds at bus stops. Watching a 30-year old diesel guzzler manoeuvre at speed through heavy traffic might give you the shivers to start with, but actual travel on a bus is safe enough, as long as you keep close track of your wallet and mobile phone. Put it this way: I've never seen an accident and I've been here for three years.

Vietnamese bus drivers in fact are another group of unsung miracle-workers operating within the chaos of contemporary Vietnamese life: most of them seem to be able to judge the distance between their guzzler and the curb, plus a range of fast-moving objects on all sides of them, down to the centimeter. In performing their miracles they are ably assisted by a conductor, whose job is to sell tickets and to scream obscenities out the windows of the bus at fools on motorbikes trying to cut in front of the bus.

Inter-city bus-travel is a bit more risky. 75% of Vietnam is covered in mountains. Roads are steep and schedules tight. Unless you're on a proper tour bus, there's no real way of traveling in comfort; you might start by liking the look of the bunk-beds you get to make your little nest in for the night, but rest assured none of them are long enough to fit a Caucasian adult of average height or more. And forget about getting a good night's sleep. Inter-city buses play tinny Vietnamese pop music from the minute they pull out of the bus station. They always (always) seem to be carrying a man with a loud wheeze or someone with a very long story to tell his fellow travelers. The locals can sleep through anything, so it doesn't bother them.

Traveling inter-city at speed of course means traveling by plane and luckily this can be done in Vietnam with moderate ease at a reasonable price. In fact, there has been a vigorous rash of airport construction going on in the country for the past 15 - 20 years, so every medium-sized town with a tourist prospectus and the right political connections tends to have one.

When traveling by plane, there is one main thing to bear in mind: the Vietnamese national carrier, Vietnam Airlines, is government-owned and so has the inside running in the domestic airline market. This has three main effects: (a) flights on Vietnam Airlines, unlike flights on Jetstar and Vietjet, normally leave on time; (b) Vietnam Airlines tickets cost double those of the commercial carriers and (c) Vietnam Airlines flight attendants are vastly cold and surly. Having a comfortable government job in Vietnam does that to some people.

As far as the future of transport in Vietnam goes, Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi are both due to have a Metro system up and running within a few years - hence the enormous concrete pylons going up all over the place in both cities:


Both projects, it has to be said, look at this stage like expensive exercises in enhancing Vietnam's modern urban credentials rather than helping the air of its cities get cleaner. Average everyday Vietnamese, you'd guess, could do without a Metro. Buying a fleet of new buses that don't cough grey fumes into the faces of the bikers behind them, or just ensuring that suburban roads are a little less pothole and a bit more road, would be improvement enough.

Ho Chi Minh City also has plans for a ferry service along the city's waterways by the end of the decade - a project which harks back to the era before the war when Southern Vietnamese life on the water had more charm than it does today. Ferry stations are already going up along the Saigon River and most of the major canals. The only group who are frowning are the city's suicidal amateur fisherman, who currently use the canals, or really any urban body of water, no matter how toxic, to try their luck with a bamboo rod, as the late afternoon sunshine fades from the sky.

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Of course, getting into the spirit of Vietnam means actually driving a motorbike and being part of the roaring mess yourself.

As a driver, the most important thing to bear in mind is that you are going to be cut off constantly. On a good day you'll get a bit of prior notice via an indicator or a back-passenger giving you a bit of a wave. But most of the time you'll just get squarely . . . cut off.

Bikes cutting in front of you are the least of your worries though. Apart from bikes going the same way as you in unpredictable ways, there will be bikes cutting across the traffic and bikes going against the traffic (hopefully along the curb). You can expect to have to dodge hawkers pushing carts, little old ladies crossing through the middle of intersections at their own pace, plus cope with the large amount of buying and selling spilling off the pavement into the side of the road.

And those are the major roads. In the backstreets of big cities, Vietnamese of all ages dawdle down the middle of the road. After about 6 in the morning, the streets around your average suburban market come to resemble the muddy laneways of country villages, where everyone shares the thoroughfare and sometimes the animals take the best bit.

There comes a point though when all of the chaos ceases to seem dangerous and starts to seem liberating. Because there is just so much of it, most traffic in Vietnamese cities moves at no more than 30km/hr, so the worst that's likely to result from a collision is that both parties end up with a few bruises and the bikes end up on their sides in the road. The carnage that the Vietnamese media constantly talks about almost all happens on country roads or late at night, when drunks and daredevils come out to play. There are simple enough ways of avoiding it which I'm sure you can work out for yourself.

Though it moves slowly, daytime Vietnamese traffic, even in dense urban centres, does normally move. There isn't the inherent absurdity of everyone driving a vehicle (a car) that is 20 times heavier than what they'd actually need to get around. And traffic isn't obsessively over-controlled by governments in the hope of insuring five times over against every possibility of accident or giving every type of vehicle its own special section of the road. Red lights in Vietnam are few and far between. Zebra crossings are widely ignored. And the traffic funneling devices that make driving in a Western city into an infantile traffic school exercise are non-existent. Guess what? Nobody seems any the worse for it.

Of course, driving a motorbike in Vietnam requires patience. The only intelligent attitude to the way the Vietnamese constantly break the formal rules of the road is basically - Buddhist. Confronted with all those irksome cutter-offerers, you'd be well advised to do as the Vietnamese do morning, noon and night, when faced with all sorts of noise and mess and complexity: act as if nothing is happening. Because in a deeper sense nothing is. . .

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Given that motorbikes provide the real joy and action of the transportational situation in Vietnam, let's finish today's lesson with a few light sociological observations about biking. You've probably already seen the funny photos of whole Vietnamese families on one bike - dad at the wheel, Toddler No. 1 in front with his nose up against the instrument board, mum at the back and Toddler No. 2 sitting (standing, screaming, etc) in mum's lap. Then there are the photos of delivery guys delivering ridiculous amounts of stuff in a totally cold-blooded way:


Vietnamese mothers are well known for performing heroic feats on beaten-up Hondas, barging their way through heavy traffic with kids strapped into position front and back and the shopping hanging from little side-hooks.

And Vietnamese country folk are willing perform tremendous feats of loving care when their Hondas sustain wounds on the field of economic struggle:


Then there's the whole issue of bikes and romance to consider. For 18 year old Vietnamese boys, having a bike of an appropriate level of hotness is basic to the business of finding a girlfriend. Once this object has been obtained, the most up-to-date teenage ritual is to take a heady spin through the petrol fumes along one of the main boulevards close to the centre of town on a Sunday night, or, even more beautiful and strange, join the roaring huddle of bikes caught in the traffic jams around the main cathedral on Christmas Eve. (If you can actually find a place to park your bike, you don't go into the Church to say your prayers. You stand around in the forecourt, spraying each other with snow out of a can.)

Try driving a Vespa outside certain leafy suburbs in Australia and the US and you might end up having potatoes thrown at you. In Vietnam, on the other hand, a Vespa is a standard item of conspicuous consumption. Vietnamese boys across the board seem to instinctively realize that you can't chat up a girl if you're hunched over a 600CC racing bike with your butt pointing up at your date's nose. That's right, motorbikes have the most romantic potential when the possibility of a bit of "ôm" is lurking.

For Vietnamese girls, there are some delicate questions that need to be asked when it comes to motorbikes and the act of riding on them. Obviously, they need to work out where they're going to put their hands if they're going to let a male of any description give them a lift. Then there's the issue of how to sit: sitting with one leg over each side of the bike obviously feels a bit risqué to some Vietnamese girls, or doesn't suit the dress they're wearing, so they choose to drape their legs over the side of the bike and end up attracting much more attention than they would if they just sat with their legs apart.

Vietnamese men consider it a point of honour to dink the girls they're dating and would consider it unmanly to accept a lift from a girl. Being the driver, rather than the driven, is part of the standard repertoire of Vietnamese gallantry, but if you're an unattached Caucasian male in Vietnam and you don't have an International Drivers Licence, then by all means accept a lift from a Vietnamese girl. With a little bit of luck, she'll quite like being in the driver's seat for once. Tweaking Vietnamese romantic conventions might give the situation a nice little extra =X.

Vietnamese men seem to agree that a woman driving a motorbike all by herself is a damn beautiful thing - which, all told, probably leads to more sleaze than actual romance.


However, the fact that Vietnamese people talk to each other while waiting at the lights, or even while in motion, has its upside too. The miserable psychology of car-use, whereby everyone relates to each other via impersonal rules and cues rather than face-to-face, is not yet in play and hopefully won't be for a long time yet. In Vietnam, where driving basically means driving a motorbike, it also means leaving yourself open, for better or worse, to being seen and talked to by your fellow human beings.

Generally speaking, Westerners seem to define public space in opposition to personal space, carrying the latter with them into the public realm: they expect personal space to be respected, they spend small but copious amounts of energy fencing it off from other people and they invoke it in anger as an ideal when the inevitable infringements happen. That attitude can take some of its ugliest forms on the road: in Australia and the US, some people whose cars are an inviolable extension of their personal being will threaten to kill you if any part of your clothes brushes their bonnet as you cross at the lights.

That sort of attitude will get you exactly nowhere in Vietnam.

For starters, there are hardly any traffic lights to speak of.

The riotous stream of Hondas is all around you, very close up.

Put it this way - if you brought with you from the West any sort of urge to assert your inviolable transportational identity, then you're in for a rotten holiday. Insist on your right of way too loudly on the streets of Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City and you'll end up a pink-faced emotional wreck. And deservedly so.